If someone is choking and cannot cough or speak, what should you do?

When someone is choking and is unable to cough or speak, it indicates a severe blockage in their airway. In this critical situation, performing the Heimlich maneuver is the appropriate response. The Heimlich maneuver is designed to create an effective pressure in the chest cavity and force the object blocking the airway upward, which can help expel it and restore normal breathing.

Encouraging the person to relax and breathe deeply would not be helpful, as they are likely struggling to breathe. Additionally, giving them water to drink could increase the risk of further choking by trying to swallow, which can complicate the situation. Patting them on the back firmly is also not effective in this scenario, as it does not apply the necessary pressure to remove the obstruction and can sometimes worsen the blockage.

Thus, the Heimlich maneuver is the best choice to resolve a severe choking incident and potentially save the person's life.